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Recent years have seen an explosion in the number of studies that explore the collective dynamics of biomolecular systems using coarse-grained (CG) models along with methods based on principal component analysis (PCA). Among them, elastic network models (ENMs) and normal mode analyses (NMAs) have found wide use in several applications. Recent studies are now providing evidence for the usefulness of these methods in exploring the dynamics of membrane proteins. The type of motions explored by the ENMs represents a different regime compared with the highly specific chemical events and electrostatic interactions that are usually explored by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. These are collective motions that cooperatively involve all subunits, usually exploit the symmetry of the quaternary structure, and facilitate mechanical functions such as pore opening and allosteric communication. Understanding the mechanisms of function of membrane proteins using computational methods may necessitate adopting multi-scale approaches that integrate ENM-based methods with full atomic simulations.

On the functional significance of soft modes predicted by coarse-grained models for membrane proteins