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By dete~aining from time to time the freezing point of a liquid in which bacteria are growing it is possible to estimate the changes t h a t take place in the molecular concentration, t By determining the electrical conductivity a measure of the number of dissociated ions in unit volume of the solution may be obtained. The amount by which the freezing point is depressed below the ~reezing point of distilled water is directly proportional to the molecular concentration when the dissolved substances are incapable of hydrolytic dissociation, like cane sugar or proteids for instance. In the case of dissociable substances, like sodium chloride, the same is true when we reckon each ion as a molecule. The relation between the electrical conductivity and the concentration of the electrolytes is not so simple, since the specific conductivity of a solution depends not only on the number of dissociated molecules in a given volume, %ut also on the velocities of the ions. But there is always a relation, and when this can be established for a particular case, it can be used to calculate the concentration. For example, when only one electrolyte is present, the concentration can be at once determined from the electrical conductivity by interpolating values in a table showing the relation between the conductivity of the substance and tho amount of it in solution. I f more than one electrolyte be present, the electrolytes may be such as have approximately equal ionic veloc-

THE CHARGES PRODUCED BY THE GROWTH OF BACTERIA IN THE MOLECULAR CONCENTRATION AND ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF CULTURE MEDIA