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All cells have, to some degree, extracellular matrix immediately exterior to the cell membrane proper (Rambourg and Leblond, 1967; Martinez-Palomo, 1970). Cartilage cells have extended matrices. Much is known about the biochemistry of some of the matrix components (Balazs, 1970; Slavkin, 1972), but the biological role of these macromolecules is not well understood (Ogston, 1970). The cartilage matrix is a complex composite of several macromolecules such as chondroitin sulfates, glycoproteins, and collagen. Intuitively, it may be possible to dissect and selectively modify the extracellular matrix of living cartilage cells by treatment with enzymes, such as chondroitinases, hyaluronidases, and collagenase, to remove various matrix components. The opposite approach is to add matrix components in replacement or in excess. Even though removal and addition of matrix components do not represent true dissection and reconstruction, a comparison of the effects of these approaches may serve as the beginning of a systematic investigation of the biological significance of some of the components that form the complex microenvironment of the cell. This report presents the following results: Treatment of cultured chondrocytes with enzymes, such as chondroitinase, bovine testicular hyaluronidase, or trypsin, which remove chondroitin sulfate from the matrix, resulted in lower sulfate incorporation by the cells. On the other hand, cultures treated with enzymes such as streptococcal hyaluronidase or collagenase, which do not remove sulfatelabeled material from the cells, maintained control levels of sulfate incorporation. Conversely, when exogenous chondroitin sulfate was added to the

EFFECT OF EXTRACELLULAR CHONDROITIN SULFATE ON CULTURED CHONDROCYTES