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Growth in cylindrical plant cells may occur either at the tip of apical cells or along the side walls of apical and subapical cells. In ceils elongating by tip growth, extension and primary wall synthesis are localized at the apical tip of the cell (1). Calls such as fungaI hyphae (2, 3), pollen tubes (4), and root hairs (5, 6) elongate in this way In the case of cells whose side walls grow, cellular elongation (7, 8) and wall synthesis (9) occur throughout the cells' length The pattern of cell elongation is correlated with the ultrastructure of the cell wall. For exampIe, in the wails of tip-growing cells, the polysaccharide microfibrils (often cellulosic in nature) are randomly arranged and are not rearranged during growth (11). On the other hand, in ceils whose side walls elongate, microfibrils in the wails are arrayed in a nonrandom fashion. Here, microfibrils are laid down next to the cytoplasm in a predominantly transverse ormntation and become reoriented longitudinally during growth; this pattern of growth has been called multinet growth (i1). Because microfibnllar arrangement is correlated with growth pattern, wall ultrastrneture has been used to predict the growth patterns of cells whose growth pattern is difficult to measure directly (10, 11). Although patterns of ceil elongation have been studied in fungi, green algae, and higher plants, no one has yet determined the way in which red algal ceils grow. Some reasons why these organisms may have been overlooked in such studies include their small cell size, relatively slow growth rates, and the difficulty of growing them under laboratory conditions While cell elongation patterns have not been directly investigated

A NEW PATTERN OF PLANT CELL ELONGATION: BIPOLAR BAND GROWTH