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In Diptera, the polytene chromosome puffs, regarded to be morphological manifestations of active genes (1, 2, 9), contain an increased quantity of protein if compared with their inactive state . By means of experimental induction of puff formation of certain groups of loci in Drosophila hydei, it was demonstrated that a local change in protein-dye binding capacity is one of the first events in puff formation (3) . This change in dye binding capacity due to a local increase in protein concentration (10) occurs in the virtual absence of de novo protein synthesis (7) . Radioautographic analyses of chromosomal amino acid incorporation during induced puff formation failed to provide evidence for enhanced incorporation in puff-forming loci (10) . Because the same puff in active and inactive state displays an identical histone content (8), the local increase in protein concentration should result from an accumulation of preexisting nonhistone protein(s) . In an attempt to characterize the changes occurring at the genome level upon experimental gene activation, in the first instance nonhistone protein patterns of salivary gland nuclei in which specific puffs were induced in vivo or in vitro by a temperature treatment or a hormone (ecdysone) treatment were compared with those of nuclei of untreated glands .

INDUCED ACCUMULATION OF NONHISTONE PROTEINS IN POLYTENE NUCLEI OF DROSOPHILA HYDEI