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The most prominent feature of early atherosclerosis induced in swine by ingestion of cholesterol is the focal accumulation of smooth muscle cells (SMC) in arterial intimas that results from increased rates of DNA synthesis and cell division without corresponding increases in rates of cell death (Florentin et al ., 1968; Thomas et al ., 1968) . The nature of the interactions between the cells and their environment that account for the increases in unknown . The purpose of the experiments reported here was to determine what effects serum from hypercholesterolemic (HC) swine has on DNA synthesis and the division of cells in tissue culture as compared with the effects of serum from controls with "normal" cholesterol levels (NC) . A stimulatory effect occurred when HC serum was added at the 2070 level, with cell division rates increasing approximately twofold . The in vitro demonstration of an effect that parallels in vivo responses does not necessarily mean that the underlying cellular dynamics are the same . However, it seems reasonable to accept as a working hypothesis that the dynamics are similar, and to exploit the in vitro approach presented herein, with the expectation that this approach will provide insight into cellular mechanisms involved in cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis .

STIMULATION OF DNA SYNTHESIS AND CELL DIVISION IN VITRO BY SERUM FROM CHOLESTEROL-FED SWINE