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The agglutinating and mitogenic effects of phytohemoagglutinin (PHA) on blood cells are well documented. With lymphocytes, the process is termed "blastogenesis" and involves morphological and biochemical alterations in which nonproliferating cells become transformed into lymphoblasts capable of mitosis. The earliest known biochemical changes evident within an hour are the stimulation of ribonucleic acid (RNA) (1, 2) and protein synthesis (3, 4), the acetylation of histones (4, 5), and phosphorylation of nuclear proteins (6). This may be regarded as an increase of nuclear activity (4). Later, by 26 hr, some enzymes of the glycolytic pathway and phosphorylation are also stimulated (7) as well as the hydrolases associated with lysosomes (8). The synthesis of DNA and mitosis take place much later, occurring between 48 and 72 hr after exposure to PHA. Nowell (9) and Hastings et al. (10) have suggested that blastogenesis in vitro might be related to activity of the PHA at the cell membrane either by affecting permeability directly (9) or indirectly because of clumping, thereby "providing an environment similar to that in a plasma clot" (10). Although PHA possesses both the property to agglutinate and the property to transform cells (11), Barjeson (12) could dissociate these two activities by adsorbing N-acetyl-D-galacturonic acid onto lymphocytes, thereby preventing agglutination without blocking the blastogenic capability of PHA. It has been reported that N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, one of the amino sugars contained in mammalian cell surfaces, can interfere with agglutination by PHA (13). On the other hand, amantadine (1-amantanamine HCl, Symmetrel, E. I. du Pont

THE EFFECT OF N-ACETYL-D-GALACTOSAMINE AND AMANTADINE HYDROCHLORIDE ON EQUINE LYMPHOCYTES STIMULATED WITH PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ