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Reactions to ionizing radiation can range from mild and transient cellular disturbances to death of the organism. Experiments have shown that radiosensitivity varies markedly among different cells, tissues, and organs of the body, as well as among species, sex, and different age levels (5). Organs with high rates of cell renewal are highly vulnerable, whereas the brain and other organs with postmitotic or nondividing cells are considered to be more resistant (7, 24). Since recovery after brain irradiation cannot include the replacement of neurons, the loss of cells and the maintenance and possible repair of the remaining neurons represent two of the more important considerations in the interpretation of radiation damage to the brain. Observations of neurons with the electron microscope shortly after heavy particle irradiation have indicated prompt cellular alterations, including contraction of the nucleus (22), deposition of intracellular glycogen (10), changes in the fine structure of lysosomes (13), and swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria (17). While it may be assumed that some of these early changes result in the ultimate loss of many neurons, the long-term effects of irradiation on the surviving neurons have not been reported. This investigation was undertaken as an examination of ultrastructural changes in individual cells within the cerebellum of normal and deuteronirradiated mice at two postirradiation intervals.

EARLY AND LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF DEUTERON IRRADIATION ON CELLS IN THE CEREBELLUM OF ADULT MICE