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The first report of pores in fungus septa in filamentous fungi was made by de Bary (6) in 1866. Between 1866 and about 1902, a number of papers were published dealing with fungus septations and their formation. Among these papers are reports by Woronin (23), Wahrl ich (22), Ternetz (21), and Strasburger (19). Woronin (23) also reported the presence of small bodies associated with septations. This report was verified by Ternetz (21) (pp. 278, 279). Bullet (4) reviewed the early literature thoroughly and confirmed the above cited observations. The limit imposed by the resolution of the light microscope did not permit a more detailed investigation until the advent of the electron microscope. Girbardt (10), in 1958, was the first to show a septum in a Basidiomycete, which differed from the classical concept of a single-pored, simple, disk-like structure. The details of the Basidiomycete septum were later carefully worked out by Bracker and Butler (3). Septations in Phycomycetes vary greatly. Some lack septa or have them only at the base of sporangia, while others appear to have fairly complex septa when observed with the light microscope. Buller (4) reports that Rhizopus nigricans has an imperforate septum. Barrett (1) first described and illustrated the so called "pseudo-septa" in Allomyces in 1912. Coker (5), in 1930, published a photograph of such a septum. Published light and electron micrographs of Ascomycete and Deuteromycete septa show no essential difference from the earlier concept of a single-pored septum in these fungi (2, 7, 8, 13, 17). Exceptions to this are a number of reports of septa with multiple pores in the fungus component of lichens by Poirault (14), Meyer (12), KienitzGerloff (11), and Strasburger (20) between 1896 and 1902, and in a short review by Smith (18, p. 51). The purpose of this light and electron microscope study is to describe multiperforate septa, in Fusarium hyphae, and spherical Woronin bodies which form plugs in the septal pores. These plugs apparently serve as safe W valves for the fungal ceils.

MULTIPERFORATE SEPTATIONS, WORONIN BODIES, AND SEPTAL PLUGS IN FUSARIUM