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The nuclear m e m b r a n e of a variety of cells differs in at least two structural aspects from the cell m e m b r a n e : it is double-layered and it presents annu la r figures 400 to 1,000 A in d iameter which have a dense r im (1-10) and in cross-section sometimes appear as m e m b r a n e discontinuities (2, 6). The physicochemical aspects of these differences have not yet been explored. Since the in t roduct ion of the microelectrode (11), the elect rochemical properties of cell membranes have been extensively studied; however, those of the nuclear membrane , a l though of obvious importance in the mechanisms of exchange of materials between cytoplasm and nucleoplasm, have not yet been examined. T he main reason for this neglect is the smallness of most nuclei which places them beyond the reach of direct electrical measurements. There are, however, a few an imal cells, such as the salivary gland cells of Drosophila and a variety of oocytes, wi th nuclei large enough for studies with microelectrodes. For example, nuclei of large Drosophila gland cells measure 30 to 40 in d iamete r and of t ransparen t frog and newt oocytes, 30 to 80 /~. This paper deals with some electrical properties of the nuclear m e m b r a n e of such cells.

THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTANCE AND POTENTIAL ACROSS THE MEMBRANE OF SOME CELL NUCLEI