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Wi th the advancemen t of descriptive cytology brought about by electron microscopy, there has arisen a need for cytochemical methods at h igh resolution. T he method of x-ray scanning microanalysis has already found numerous applications in the field of meta l lography (1-3), and may also be extended to the study of biological specimens. Recently, Yasuzumi et al. (4) have succeeded in showing an Fe K,~ spect rum in h u m a n erythrocytes, and Boyde et al. (5) in taking images formed by Ca K~ and Fe K~ radiat ions in denta l tissue. The method is based upon the principle of x-ray emission spectrography. A very finely focused b e a m of electrons is projected onto the surface of a specimen, at the point where it is desired to examine its chemical composition. The minu te volume of the specimen which is thus i r radiated emits a complex x-ray spect rum consisting principally of the characteris t ic radiat ions of the elements present in the volume. Measurement of the wavelength and intensity of each componen t of this spec t rum thus affords a simple method of det e rmin ing the chemical identi ty and concentrat ion of these elements. The appara tus itself consists of three ma in parts: an electron optical system, an x-ray spectrograph, and an optical microscope. T he specimen is prepared in the usual way as for optical microscopy. T he x-radiat ion, emit ted at the focal spot where the electrons strike the specimen, is analyzed with a curved crystal, Geiger-Mtil ler counter, and v a c u u m spectrograph. The equ ipment described here, called hereafter a microanalyzer , enables one to de termine all the elements of a tomic n u m b e r greater t han 12. In the previous (6) and present studies, organic iron elements have been demonst ra ted in testicular nutr i t ive cells of the pond snail Cipangopaludina malleata Reeve. The present study has been made in order to de termine whe ther this appara tus can also be usefully applied to the e lemental i ron localized in the cytoplasm.

X-RAY SCANNING MICROANALYSIS OF ELEMENTAL IRON LOCALIZED IN TESTICULAR NUTRITIVE CELLS OF CIPANGOPALUDINA MALLEATA REEVE