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T HE tubulin family now includes aand 13-tubulin, which are the main subunits of eukaryotic microtubules; -y-tubulin, which nucleates these microtubules and regulates their dynamics at the minus end (11, 17); and FtsZ, a prokaryotic homolog of the tubulins that is the major cytoskeletal protein in bacterial cell division (5). Two new members, ~and e-tubulin, have been inferred from sequences in databases (2). Both a/13-tubulin and FtsZ (6) assemble into straight protofilaments that can associate further to make two-dimensional (2-D) 1 protofilament sheets. Both types of protofilaments can also adopt a curved conformation, forming small rings or spirals. The family of tubulin rings was extended recently by the discovery that -/tubulin also forms small spirals (16, 17, 25). We propose here that both protofilaments and rings are formed by all members of the tubulin family, and that they are structurally homologous across the family. This inspires a new model for how "y-tubulin rings might nucleate microtubule assembly.

Protofilaments and rings, two conformations of the tubulin family conserved from bacterial FtsZ to alpha/beta and gamma tubulin.