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High-dose chemotherapy (HDC) may cause tooth-formation anomalies (TFA) in paediatric patients. Herein, we describe the orthodontic and dental implant treatment in an adolescent male with tooth agenesis and a history of HDC for acute myeloid leukaemia. A male patient, aged 17 years and 9 months, had agenesis of 17, 25, 27, 35, 37, 45, and 47 (Fédération Dentaire Internationale tooth numbering system); 14, 24, 34, and 44 were microdonts; 11, 12, 13, 16, 21, 22, 23, 26, 31, 32, 33, 36, 41, 42, 43, and 46 were short-rooted. During routine follow-up evaluations, the patient was found to have Adriamycin cardiomyopathy. Active orthodontic treatment was performed using a combination of a multi-bracket device, transpalatal arch, and lip bumper. Active orthodontic treatment was completed in approximately 2 years, and functional occlusion was established. A 2.0-mm retraction and intrusion of the maxillary anterior teeth were achieved, with uprighting of 36 and 46. The mandibular plane angle increased by 1.5°, and the deep overbite improved. In the retention phase, after continued follow-up to ensure the stability of Adriamycin cardiomyopathy, dental implants were placed. A stable occlusion and favourable symmetry and E-line were confirmed during the follow-up conducted at &gt;6 years. Active orthodontic treatment planning requires an awareness of the risk of TFA associated with chemotherapy. Moreover, the planned treatment may require modification or interruption owing to malignancy recurrence or late complications.

clinical and investigative orthodontics

Case report long-term orthodontic and dental implant prosthodontic treatment for tooth-formation anomalies secondary to chemotherapy in a paediatric patient with a history of malignancy