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The adaptive adjustments in the capacity for metabolic thermogenesis are critical for the survival in many small mammals that are acclimated to cold winter conditions. In this study the striped hamsters ( Cricetulus barabensis ) were subjected to repeated cycles of cold (5°C) and warm (23°C) temperatures. Resting metabolic rate (RMR), nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) and energy intake, as well as the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP 1 ) of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and serum thyroid hormone levels were measured. Both RMR and NST were significantly increased in striped hamsters subjected to repeated cycles of short-term cold (5°C, 72 h) – warm (23°C, 4 days) temperatures compared to that of the hamsters consistently kept at 23°C. In these cycled hamsters, BAT UCP 1  expression was significantly upregulated, whereas serum T 3  and T 4  concentration did not change significantly. Moreover, gross energy intake was considerably increased during both cold exposure and warm phases, whereas fat deposition was significantly decreased in these cycled hamsters compared to those consistently kept at 23°C. This indicates that small mammals may both increase energy intake and mobilize fat depots to cope with frequent cold exposure. Thyroid hormone may be not involved in the BAT UCP 1 -mediated thermogenesis and fat mobilization.

The nonshivering thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue and fat mobilization of striped hamsters exposed to cycles of cold and warm temperatures