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Malignant pleural effusions are typically initially managed with thoracentesis or chest tubes prior to indwelling pleural catheter insertion. We sought to examine whether geographical distance from a specialized pleural effusion clinic affected the number of pleural procedures prior to the insertion of a definitive indwelling pleural catheter. This retrospective single-center cohort study included adult patients from Alberta with malignant pleural effusions who underwent indwelling catheter insertion at an outpatient pleural effusion clinic in Edmonton from November 1, 2012, to December 31, 2018. We collected data on demographic and indwelling pleural catheter characteristics. We computed a multivariable logistic analysis adjusting for age, sex, and malignancy type. A total of 515 indwelling pleural catheters were inserted during the study period. Patients living in communities over 300 km away from the clinic were more likely to have undergone 3 or more pleural procedures prior to their indwelling pleural catheter insertion compared with patients living within 50 km of the clinic (OR 2.67; 95%CI 1.23 to 5.81;  p  = 0.0130). This association was also significant if their travel time was over 90 min when compared to 45 min or less (OR 1.98; 95%CI 1.10 to 3.56;  p  = 0.0232). Patients residing in distant communities were more likely to have had multiple pleural procedures prior to the insertion of their indwelling pleural catheter for their malignant pleural effusion. This study highlights the impact of distance and limited access on how Canadians with refractory pleural effusions are treated.

Effect of geographical distance on repeat pleural procedures in patients managed by indwelling pleural catheters: A retrospective cohort study