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This third paper revising the European  Brachysira  species deals with  Brachysira serians  and the closely related  B. brebissonii–intermedia  complex. The morphology of these species is characterised in greater detail than before based on a combination of analyses of original type material and additional historic and modern samples. All taxa in this complex are typically found in oligotrophic, acidic environments. The largest species in this complex are  B. serians  and  B. wygaschii , which both possess a distinct Voigt discordance. Although they often co-occur, differences in their valve outline and dimensions are distinctive. The type material of  Brachysira brebissonii  is restudied and differs from a widespread use of this species name in Europe. As a result,  Anomoeoneis intermedia , described from Denmark, is considered a more recent heterotypic synonym of  B. brebissonii . Two new species are described to clarify the taxonomic identity of the  B. brebissonii–intermedia  species complex:  B. elisabethiana  Van de Vijver, C.E.Wetzel &amp; Ector, sp. nov. and  B. confusa  Van de Vijver, R.L.Albert, B.Kennedy &amp; Kusber, sp. nov. The type material of the morphologically similar  B. arctoborealis  from North America is studied for comparison. The ecological preferences of all the reported taxa are derived from the accompanying diatom flora in the investigated samples.

Revision of European Brachysira species (Brachysiraceae, Bacillariophyta): III. Species formerly included in the Brachysira serians -complex