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The technological advancement of human sensing systems in the past decade has provided a new mode through which human complexity in High Performance Buildings can be traced rather than emulated through occupancy schedules. The established medium of schedules can assist however in formulating a comprehensive understanding of these new emerging technologies from an energy simulation perspective. The aims of this paper are subsequently twofold: (1) investigate the evolution and current state of Building Performance Simulation’s occupancy schedules and assess their shortcomings with the errors, limitations and deviations of sensing technologies, and (2) evaluate the potential wide scale use of low-cost sensing technologies in thermal (heating and cooling) energy regulation. A simulation based workflow utilized occupancy schedules to measure the impact of human false sensing for the city of Atlanta. The impact ranged between 0.51–1.49% of weekly energy use per error for scanning frequencies between 10–60 min, respectively. Assessment of the national occupancy profile and inhabitant specific parameters point to critical scanning periods being situated between 10 AM–4 PM. A maximum acceptable figure of 22 errors, given a one-hour scanning frequency, was established using a 30% additional energy use benchmark which support sensing technology integration. Sensing system configurations were subsequently proposed to restrict false positive impacts. These form the basis for evaluating the feasibility of deploying such sensing systems across United States residential buildings in the near future.

science and technology for the built environment

Diverse occupancy simulation and presence sensing viability for residential thermal energy regulation: Review and false positive modeling initial findings