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Human migration and the ever-changing geopolitical scenarios are redefining the epidemiology and the management of tuberculosis (TB), especially in low-TB burden countries welcoming high rates of people from high-TB burden countries. We conducted an observational retrospective mono-centric study in a Northern-Italy TB reference centre from 1 January 1990 to 31 December 2019, focusing on the differences in epidemiology, resistance patterns and treatment outcomes between Italians and migrants with active TB. Data were collected from medical records. A total of 10555 patients were included, 4614 Italians and 5941 migrants. Among migrants, higher rates of rifampin-resistant (RR) or multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB were reported, as well as higher rates of loss to follow-up. Among Italians, higher mortality rates and a higher number of extrapulmonary TB cases were found. Our study describes one of the largest cohorts of patients with active TB in Italy, highlighting the need for tailored approaches in native and migrant populations.

Tuberculosis in migrants: epidemiology, resistance and outcome in Milan, Italy