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We wish to study disparities in bloodstream infections in migrants and non-migrants by comparing the distribution of pathogens and their resistance patterns in long-term migrants with that in non-migrants in Denmark. The study is based on a cohort of migrants, who received residency in Denmark between 1993 and 2015 and a control group of non-migrants. The cohort was linked to a database of bloodstream infections from 2000 to 2015 covering two regions in Denmark. First-time bloodstream infections in individuals ≥18 years of age at the time of sampling were included. We calculated odds ratios adjusted for age, sex, year of sampling, comorbidity, and place of acquisition (hospital- or community-acquired). We identified 4,703 bloodstream infection cases. Family-reunified migrants and refugees had higher odds of  Escherichia coli  than non-migrants (OR 1.89 95%CI: 1.46–2.44 and OR 1.55 95%CI: 1.25–1.92) and lower odds of  Streptococcus pneumoniae  (OR 0.38 95%CI: 0.21–0.67 and OR 0.52 95%CI: 0.34–0.81). Differences in pathogen distribution were only prevalent in community-acquired bloodstream infections. Refugees had higher odds of  Escherichia coli  resistant to piperacillin-tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin compared with non-migrants. Family-reunified migrants had higher odds of  Escherichia coli  and other Enterobacterales resistant to ciprofloxacin. Migrants had a higher proportion of community-acquired bloodstream infections with  Escherichia coli  as well as higher odds of bloodstream infections with resistant  Escherichia coli  compared with non-migrants. These novel results are relevant for improving migrant health by focussing on preventing and treating infections especially with  Escherichia coli  such as urinary tract and abdominal infections.

Differences in the distribution of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance in bloodstream infections in migrants compared with non-migrants in Denmark