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Bloodstream infections are considered as important factors of morbidity and represent a remarkable number of death, especially in developed countries. In a 15-year retrospective study in the South-Eastern region of Hungary, the microbiological results of anaerobic blood culture (BC) bottles were analysed. The incubation of BCs was performed in the automated incubation system, and the isolates were cultured in an anaerobic chamber. The identification of the isolates was based on their biochemical profile (2004–2012) and mass spectrometry analyses (2013–2018). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed with minimal inhibitory concentration gradient diffusion method. The majority of the samples were submitted by the Department of Internal Medicine (37.7%), Intensive Care Unit (31.6%) and the Emergency Department (16.4%), and the number of strict anaerobic isolates per year showed an increasing tendency throughout the study. More than half of the isolates were  Cutibacterium acnes  (54.4%), but this bacterium was considered as a contaminant. The most frequent species upon  Cutibacterium acnes  were  Bacteroides fragilis  (9.2%),  Clostridium perfringens  (6.4%), other  Clostridium  species (4.8%), other  Cutibacterium  species (3.5%) and other  Bacteroides  species (2.5%). Penicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, imipenem, clindamycin, metronidazole and tigecyclin were very effective against  Bacteroides fragilis ,  Clostridium perfringens ,  Fusobacterium nucleatum, Gemella morbillorum, Parvimonas micra  and  Eggerthella lenta  strains. We performed a 15-year period, retrospective investigation in South-Eastern Hungary with the participation of more than 1000 patients. The results of antibiotic susceptibility tests are in line with previous reports in the literature, and the results from the different geographical regions of the world suggest similar resistance mechanisms.

Epidemiology and antibiotic susceptibility in anaerobic bacteraemia: a 15-year retrospective study in South-Eastern Hungary