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Understanding the M 23 C 6  carbides precipitation sequence aims to determine a correct heat treatment design in order to optimise the mechanical properties of the Fe-18Cr-8Ni steel. In this paper, the ageing influence at 800°C on the mechanical properties and microstructure of this steel has been studied. The aged material was examined with nanoindentation, macrohardness, scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. The hardness test results showed a continuous softening of the Fe-18Cr-8Ni steel when increasing the treatment time up to 6000 minutes. The nanoindentation tests revealed a decrease in the nanohardness of the austenite and M 23 C 6  carbides as the ageing time increased. Before the ageing process, the solution treatment produced completely austenitic steel. After 30 and 60 minutes of ageing, the M 23 C 6  carbides were located at the grain boundaries. The precipitation of the M 23 C 6  carbides within the grains was observed from 300 to 6000 minutes of ageing. The coarsening of the M 23 C 6  carbides occurred at high holding times.

Microstructure and nanoindentation studies of M 23 C 6 carbides in Fe-18Cr-8Ni steel after long-term ageing at high temperature