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Direct Ink writing, one of the types of 3D-printing technologies is a novel method for fabricating electronic circuits. This method of printing electronic circuits is a one-step process and overcomes the limitations of fused deposition modelling where the fabrication of circuits is possible if the material is in filament form and the usage of material is limited to thermoplastic. This work proposes the fabrication of strain gage circuit using functionalised Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) conductive ink by direct writing method. In this work, Fourier-transform infrared analysis is performed to study the existence of functional groups on acid treated MWCNT. According to micro-structural studies, it is observed that MWCNTs were homogeneously distributed. Rheology tests carried out using cone and plate method concluded that the prepared inks exhibited shear thinning behaviour, which is a very important parameter to state the ink made is appropriate for printing electronic circuits. The effects of functionalised MWCNT (a-MWCNT) concentration on the printed strain gage circuitry are analysed using two-point probe method and electrical properties like resistance, resistivity and electrical conductivity are studied. The electrical conductivity of the 3D-printed strain gage circuit is found to be 2.53 × 10 2  S/m for PVA/a-MWCNT(0.5) ink. Varying the concentration of a-MWCNT, electrical conductivity is observed to be increased to 4.08 × 10 2  S/m for PVA/a-MWCNT(1.0) and 7.87 × 10 2  S/m for PVA/a-MWCNT(1.5). Flexibility of PVA and conductivity of a–MWCNT contributed to superior performance of the printed circuit.

Direct writing of electronic circuits using functionalised multi-walled carbon nanotubes and polyvinyl alcohol conductive ink