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Jack London’s work  The Call of the Wild  has been the subject of much critical inquiry for its Social Darwinian notions and socialist implications. The dual motifs were historically stimulated in their travel to China by Yi Jiayue (1899–1972) in 1919, which is largely understudied. This paper examines Yi Jiayue’s translation of  The Call of the Wild  and his reforming discourses thus derived. Through detailed historical and textual analysis, I argue that Yi identified London as a “juvenile Socialist”. The tension between Spencerism and Socialism in London’s work was epitomized in Yi’s rendering of “Spencerism” and “primitiveness”, which was further met in an extra-textual scenario when the translator championed a series of reforming practices on “family.” Yi’s translation of  The Call of the Wild  reveals that translation is more than just a transmission of messages, but rather a creative epistemic process potentially affecting the intellectuals’ agenda in cross-cultural settings.

Translating Spencerism into Socialism: Yi Jiayue’s Translation of The Call of the Wild