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During acute relapses of multiple sclerosis (MS), physical symptoms attract utmost care. However, cognitive impairment may constitute an substantial part of a new relapse. In this study, we evaluated the cognitive status of MS patients during acute relapses. We enrolled 35 definite MS patients and 21 healthy subjects. Neuropsychometric tests and the event-related potential, P300 were administered to the MS patients before corticosteroid treatment, and 3 months later. The control subjects were tested only once. The differences between the scores of the Timed 25-Foot Walk test, the Brief Repeatable Battery subtests (10/36 SPART, SDMT, SRT, SRT-LTM) in the relapse and remission phases were statistically significant ( p  = .005,  p  = .007,  p  = .05,  p  = .029,  p  = .001, respectively). The latencies of P300 waves during the relapses were significantly prolonged than the ones in the remission and the controls’ ( p  = .004,  p  &lt; .001, respectively). In this study, we observed a significant involvement of visual-spatial perception, remote memory, and recall, as well as P300 latencies in acute relapses. The inclusion of cognitive assessment during a relapse can provide accurate information on cognitive status for future treatment modalities.

Cognition in acute relapses: A psychometric evaluation and its correlation with event-related potential, P300 in multiple sclerosis