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We use the visual world eye-tracking paradigm to investigate how the mapping from thematic event structures to grammatical structures, known as sentence formulation, unfolds during real time sentence production. Experiment 1 contrasted production of SubjExp ( “Leslie EXP  loves Ann STIM ” ) versus ObjExp  (“Leslie STIM  scares Ann EXP ”)  sentences. Experiment 2 investigated passivized SubjExp  (“Leslie STIM  was loved by Ann EXP ”)  and passivized ObjExp sentences  (“Leslie EXP  was scared by Ann STIM .”) . In both studies, we found that speakers were faster to begin speaking and to preferentially fixate the subject when they were able to assign the thematically prominent Experiencer role to the subject of the sentence. We conclude that sentence formulation is easier when speakers can make use of a tight, systematic correspondence between event structures and linguistic structures. We discuss the implications of our work for the relationship between language and thought and for the formal accounts of SubjExp and ObjExp verbs.

Sentence formulation is easier when thematic and syntactic prominence align: evidence from psych verbs