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Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infects cattle around the world and presents in commercial bovine products. Several studies have suggested that BLV may play a role in breast oncogenesis. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for BLV infection and the presence of the BLV gene in breast tissue. A total of 100 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded breast tissue specimens were collected (50 confirmed cancer samples and 50 negative samples). DNA was extracted from breast tissues, and nested PCR was done to detect the  tax  gene of BLV. Immunohistochemical staining for ER, PR, Her2/neu, and Ki-67 was applied. Bovine leukemia virus DNA was detected in 16% of breast cancer tissue samples and in only 4% of tissue samples without cancer. No statistically significant association was reported between the presence of BLV and tumor grade, stage, or LN metastasis. A high percentage of positivity (100%, 88%, and 75%) was reported for ER, PR, and Ki-67 in BLV-positive cancer samples, respectively. There was a significant association between the BLV  tax  gene and breast cancer in Egyptian women. Thus, there is a need to control BLV transmission to humans from cattle, and further investigations about its risk related to public health are highly required.

Prevalence of Bovine leukemia virus in Egyptian women’s breast cancer tissues