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Emergent records propose that  Aspergillus niger  endophytic fungus is a vital source for various bioactive molecules possessing many biological properties. The current study was designed to inspect the antibacterial and anti-Toxoplasma potentials of  Ficus retusa -derived endophytic fungi. After isolation and identification (using 18S rRNA gene sequencing) of  A. niger  endophytic fungus, LC/MS was utilized for identification and authentication of the chemical profile of the  A. niger  endophyte extract. Then, the fungal extract was assessed for its antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against  Klebsiella pneumoniae  clinical isolates. Additionally, its efficacy against  Toxoplasma gondii  was elucidated  in vivo . The fungal extract displayed antibacterial activity against  K. pneumoniae  isolates with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 64–512 µg/mL. It also possessed a membrane potential dissipating effect using flow cytometry. Moreover, it formed distorted cells with rough surfaces and deformed shapes using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Regarding its antibiofilm activity, it resulted in a dysregulation of the genes encoding biofilm formation ( fim H,  mrk A and  mrk D) using qRT-PCR in nine  K. pneumoniae  isolates. The  in vivo  anti-Toxoplasma potential was demonstrated by decreasing the mortality rate of mice and reducing the tachyzoites’ count in the peritoneal fluids and liver impression smears of mice. In addition, the deformities of the parasite decreased, as revealed by SEM and the inflammation in tissues diminished. Thus,  A. niger  endophytic fungi could be a valuable source of antibacterial and anti-Toxoplasma compounds.

Antibacterial and anti-Toxoplasma activities of Aspergillus niger endophytic fungus isolated from Ficus retusa : in vitro and in vivo approach