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Current treatment for Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) utilizes Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or its combination, to decrease joint inflammation. In the present study, naproxen (NAP) and sulfapyridine (SULF) ethosomes were prepared by a thin-film hydration technique using PL90G and cholesterol, later crosslinked with carbopol®934. The ethosomes and ethosomal hydrogel were evaluated for rheological properties, physico-chemical analysis,  in vitro  and  in vivo  study. The results show, NAP and SULF ethosomes exhibited an average vesicle size between 251.1 ± 1.80–343.5 ± 3.23 nm and 269.0 ± 1.17–358.8 ± 1.22 nm, respectively, with good stability (zeta potential &gt; 30 mV) and polydispersity index. Differential scanning calorimeter and Fourier transform infrared studies reveal no significant changes in the drug properties of ethosomes. Transmission electron microscopy analysis discloses spherical shape vesicles below 200 nm. The entrapment efficiency of NAP and SULF ethosomes was above 66%, and NAP-SULF ethosomes-hydrogel (EH) exhibited a sustained release effect (&gt;8 h).  In vivo  studies on NAP-SULF EH shows significant inhibition of inflammation (84.63%), with less paw volume (0.1935 ± 0.08 ml) on induced arthritis Albino Wistar rats, ( p  &lt; .01). NAP-SULF EH was stable at 25 °C ± 0.5 for 3-months. To conclude, a hybrid composite of NAP-SULF in hydrogel carrier prevents inflammation effectively, and could be novel for trans delivery of drugs in RA.

artificial cells, nanomedicine, and biotechnology

Trans ethosomal hybrid composites of naproxen-sulfapyridine in hydrogel carrier: anti-inflammatory response in complete Freund’s adjuvant induced arthritis rats