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This paper formulates a multi-objective, multi-echelon closed loop supply chain to both minimize total supply chain costs and maximize the reliability of facilities and routes considering joint assembly center. The problem is solved utilizing two revised multi-objective solution techniques that include augmented Epsilon constraint method and multi-choice goal programming with utility, the second of which gives superior results in terms of speed and flexibility. Such performance can be particularly important when dealing with large-scale problems or requiring flexibility in goal level adjustment. Furthermore, uncertain components of the proposed model are restructured utilizing novel robust possibilistic flexible programming method so as to control model’s uncertain parameters and augment flexibility for its constraints. This supplementation makes the model more applicable to the real-world phenomena. Implementation of such strategy can help practitioners design reliable closed-loop supply chains and select a reasonable solution, which simultaneously considers cost and reliability.

Bi-objective modeling of a closed-loop multistage supply chain considering the joint assembly center and reliability of the whole chain