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To reduce demand and discharge, instead of industrial wastewater being not enough treated and disposed of, it can be recycled, reused, or recovered considering well management. Thus, having a substantial decrease in the water need and environmental impacts. The challenge is to select the proper combination of processes based on the wastewater quality and budget limitations. Therefore, we aimed to provide a distinctive and comprehensive perspective on the current state of industrial wastewater treatment technologies by giving a complete overview of their major advantages, disadvantages, and upcoming challenges in the context of the circular economy. This study considered 198 peer-reviewed scientific publications from the Scopus and Google Scholar databases, mostly from the last 5 years. For this, specific search terms and Boolean Operators were applied as inclusion and exclusion criteria. Up to 57 different technologies, from conventional to advanced, were reviewed for reliable and sustainable industrial wastewater treatment and derived sludges. We evidence a vast potential to exploit and make them viable for the circular economy, even in the mature ones. Overall, we identify that regardless of the alternative, in particular those not vastly implemented, future investigations should prioritize: (1) The capacity to remove selected pollutants and decrease impurities; (2) energy recovery and efficiency; (3) environmental safety; (4) economic viability and industrial implementation; (5) hybridization; and (6) sustainability through waste processing.

Industrial wastewater treatment technologies for reuse, recycle, and recovery: advantages, disadvantages, and gaps