English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

The post-communist countries diverge massively with regard to social protection spending. This paper investigates its causes by estimating random-effects models using time-series cross-sectional data (1995–2019) for twenty-three transition countries. We find that part of the divergence relates to the severity of the economic shock suffered in the first years of transition, as well as economic performance and participation in global trade in the subsequent years. Surprisingly, the degree of democracy is not related to welfare spending, but post-communist countries do spend more when their population includes a larger proportion of elderly people and when unemployment rates are higher.

east european politics

Dynamics of social protection spending in the post-communist countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union: an enduring legacy of the transition shock?