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Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soils is released into streams, working as a main component of the carbon cycle. DOC in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems participates in many biogeochemical reactions and processes such as heterotrophic respiration, sorption of metals, and transport of pollutants. In order to understand the connectivity of organic carbon among soil, soil water, and forest streams, we investigated the concentrations and dual carbon isotope ratios (δ 13 C and Δ 14 C) of soil organic carbon (SOC) and water-extractable organic carbon (WEOC) obtained from soils beneath two tree species stands, and compared these with stream Δ 14 C-DOC of the forest watershed. Soil samples were collected at different depths (0–10, 10–30, and 30–50 cm) beneath Japanese cedar ( Cryptomeria japonica ) and sawtooth oak ( Quercus acutissima ). Although the SOC concentration was not significantly different between the two tree species, the WEOC concentration ([WEOC]) of soil at 0–10 cm depth under  Cryptomeria japonica  was higher than that of  Quercus acutissima , in general. The δ 13 C-SOC and δ 13 C-WEOC increased, while the Δ 14 C-SOC and Δ 14 C-WEOC decreased with increasing soil depth. The Δ 14 C-WEOC was higher than the Δ 14 C-SOC, indicating that WEOC could be primarily derived from the young, hydrophilic, and exchangeable fraction of SOC, rather than from SOC strongly bonded to mineral soils. However, the stream Δ 14 C-DOC was lower than Δ 14 C-WEOC in general, except during summer storms. The  14 C-depleted DOC released from deep soils or groundwater might lower Δ 14 C-DOC of a stream, suggesting that relatively old DOC could be released into streams during baseflow. This is contrary to the results of previous studies that have reported positive stream Δ 14 C-DOC from temperate forests. The discrepancy warrants future research on forest stream Δ 14 C-DOC across entire seasons, particularly under Asian monsoon climates.

forest science and technology

Comparison of organic carbon properties in extracted soil solutions obtained underneath  Cryptomeria japonica  and  Quercus acutissima  and its implication on stream dissolved organic carbon