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This work reports a novel method of determining the atmospheric water vapour feedback by utilizing the simultaneously retrieved atmospheric column concentrations of carbon dioxide ( x CO 2 ), the total column of water vapour (H 2 O) and the temperature ( T7 ) at 700 hPa obtained from Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) and Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3 (OCO-3) data. The study areas are the tropical land cover of India and the surrounding deep seas. The methodology involves annual mean values for  x CO 2 , H 2 O and  T7  defined by averaging over a full year. The practical range of variation of saturation vapour pressure with surface temperature allows a linear approximation of the annual mean H 2 O versus  x CO 2 . The linear correlation of the annual mean  x CO 2  and H 2 O values over the years 2016–2022 for OCO-2 and 2020–2022 for both OCO-2 and OCO-3 revealed an opposite trend of temporal variation for populated land and unpopulated deep sea regions. A feedback for water vapour was defined in terms of the long-term variation of annual mean H 2 O with annual mean  x CO 2  over years 2016–2022 and the corresponding variation with annual mean  T7 . The water vapour feedback for each ppm increase of annual mean  x CO 2  was equivalent to approximately 0.015 W m −2  and 0.007 W m −2  for populated and deep sea regions, respectively. The corresponding changes in  T7  were an increase of 0.0267 K and a decrease of 0.0044 K, respectively.

Orbiting Carbon Observatory approach for estimating the atmospheric water vapour feedback in tropical India