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The concentration and sources of organic nitrogen (ON) in lake sediments affect lake nitrogen cycles. However, the factors influencing ON accumulation rate (ON AR ) are unclear. We collected 3 sediment cores from northern, eastern, and southern Dianchi Lake (DC-N, DC-E, and DC-S, respectively) in July 2014, to study the effects of autochthonous and allochthonous sources of ON. The ON and ON AR  increased 2.4–5.1 and 2.6–4.8 times, respectively, from 1900 to 2000, especially since the 1980s, when algal blooms have occurred more frequently. The ON decreased in the order DC-S &gt; DC-N &gt; DC-E, whereas the ON AR  decreased in the order DC-N &gt; DC-S &gt; DC-E, suggesting that ON AR  was influenced by ON content as well as the depositional environment. The total concentrations of  n -alkanes ( n -C 12  to  n -C 34 ) ranged from 4719 to 61 960 ng g −1  in the 3 sediment cores, with proportions varying with vertical depth. The sources of ON were mainly allochthonous (soil erosion and terrestrial plants) and autochthonous (algal and aquatic plants) in DC-S and DC-N, respectively, and primarily mixed planktonic and terrestrial in DC-E. The stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence, and technology (STIRPAT) model revealed that a 1% increase in air temperature and nitrogen fertilizer corresponded to an increase in ON AR  by 23–33% and 20–79% in the Dianchi Lake basin, especially in DC-S and DC-E. However, a 1% increase in urban land area reduced ON AR  by 2–11%, especially in DC-N. Our study suggests that the spatial and temporal ON AR  in Dianchi Lake may increase in response to a warmer and wetter climate combined with increasing chemical nitrogen fertilizer application.

Synergistic impacts of climate change and human activities on spatiotemporal organic nitrogen burial variation in a plateau lake in southwest China