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The stability and safety of rock mass in underground constructions are influenced by the damage processes of cracks evolution caused by the excavation under coupled hydro-mechanical loading conditions. In this paper, to understand the crack development and damage evolution of sandstone under different seepage conditions, a series of triaxial compression tests with acoustic emission under different water pressures (5, 10, 15 MPa) are carried out. The stress-strain behavior, crack stress thresholds, failure mode, AE characteristics and micromechanical mechanisms are analyzed and discussed. The experimental results demonstrate that the crack stress thresholds and the mechanical property of studied sandstone decrease with the increase of water pressure. Moreover, the water pressure has an important influence on and deformation behavior of sandstone, for instance, the elastic modulus and deformation modulus decreased when the water pressure increased. Based on the result of accumulated ring counts, the damage evolution of sandstone gradually increased with increasing water pressure. Finally, the micro-structural evolution under the coupling effects of water pressure and applied stress is discussed. The obtained results can be used to identify the initiation and propagation of studied sandstone in the engineering applications.

Damage evolution of sandstone based on acoustic emission under different seepage conditions