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The seepage force can cause failure of the underground excavations and openings that are lying below the groundwater table (GWT). The present research work aims to estimate the support pressure for peripheral stability of rectangular tunnel in anisotropic cohesionless soil below the GWT by using the lower bound finite element limit analysis and second-order conic programming. The seepage forces around the tunnel are computed from the total head distribution in the soil under steady-state seepage condition using finite element analysis. A uniform support pressure  p iis applied at the tunnel periphery to resist the active state collapse of soil. The effects of various parameters on the magnitude of the normalized support pressure at the tunnel periphery are studied thoroughly. Design equations are provided by conducting regression analysis with present numerical results.

Stability of rectangular tunnel in anisotropic cohesionless soil under steady-state groundwater flow