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Predicting reasonable tunnel face support pressure is crucial for maintain the tunnel face stability. The silo-wedge model is widely used in calculating face support pressure in dry sandy strata. As one of the key assumptions in the silo-wedge model, the influence of area equivalent method on the calculations of limit face support pressure is investigated in this study. To better describe the geometry of failure zone in three-dimensional (3 D) perspective, an improved limit equilibrium model which consist of the semi-cylindrical silo, the semi-circular truncated cone, and the local sphere model is proposed based on the experimental results of previous research. The formula of limit face support pressure can be derived without the assumption of area equivalent, which is assessed via a series of existing theoretical models and experimental results.

Theoretical analysis of the shield tunnel face stability in dry sandy strata