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Granular-continuum interfaces commonly exist in geotechnical engineering practices, such as foundations, reinforcements, and soil nailing. The mechanical behaviors and fabric of the interface are not only influenced by the soil properties but the interfaces, and normal stresses. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the granular-continuum interface is essential to engineering practices. This article investigates the interface shear behavior focusing on the normal stresses and soil densities by using the three-dimensional discrete element modeling (DEM). The influence zones resulting from counterface mobilization vary with the normal stresses and soil densities. The interface shearing problem physics obtained from DEM have been demonstrated to be consistent with the experiments. Based on the DEM model, the evolution of the micromechanical behaviors and fabric for the immediate influence zone of the interface at both failure and the critical state are investigated, such as fabric anisotropy, sliding fraction, and mechanical coordination number. The stress tensor and fabric tensor, determined from the granular assembly in the influence zone, are used to capture the interface shear strength. Results show that, due to the evolution of particle interlock and dilation, both the macro and micro mechanical parameters decrease mostly with the increasing confining stress at both failure and the critical state.

Micromechanical behaviors and fabric within the immediate influence zone of granular-continuum interfaces