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Due to the short life of nanobubbles in the pulp, their use in mineral processing, especially in fine grains, is rare. Hence, the use of sustainable nanobubbles with a long lifetime can lead to new results. In addition to the presence of micro-nano bubbles, the ultrasonic emission factor can also have a positive effect on flotation performance. The simultaneous effect of these two factors has not been considered in previous studies. In this study, the stable micro-nano bubbles produced by the hydrodynamic cavitation mechanism were used in the pulp and simultaneously the ultrasonic waves were irradiated. Under these conditions, a wide range of bubbles ranging from 80 nm to 1 mm was generated which caused the flotation of the fine to coarse size particles. Simultaneous use of these two factors showed that the yield of coarse (−850 + 420 µm), medium (−420 + 105 µm) and fine (−105 µm) particles improved by more than 10%, 10%, and 30%, respectively. Combustibles recovery in variable feed ash along with the ash selectivity index were enhanced. In addition, consumption of the collector was reduced up to 90%, while the concentration required for the frother agent was reduced to approximately a quarter.

Interaction of applying stable micro-nano bubbles and ultrasonic irradiation in coal flotation