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The production yield and clean coal quality in dense-medium coal washing equipment such as three-product cylindrical separators are mainly controlled via the back-pressure adjustment at the sink port. However, the role of the back pressure in the fluid flow in such separators has been previously assessed only to a very limited extent. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of back pressure on the flow pattern in a 70-mm three-product cylindrical separator. Accordingly, a time-dependent, three-dimensional numerical study was conducted based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in a two-phase system. The turbulence was simulated by the Reynolds stress model (RSM) whereas the volume of fluid (VOF) method was used to model the water–air interface. The simulation results were validated using the experimental data. The sensitivities of the flow fields and some other hydrodynamic characteristics to the increase of back pressure were different in the first and second stages of separator. Increase in the tangential velocity, the suppression of the air core and the improvement of medium recovery were some of the consequences of increasing the back pressure.

The effect of back pressure on the flow field in a three-product cylindrical separator: CFD simulation