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The dramatic increase in train speeds has made settlement control in the train bed a critical issue. High differential settlements on railway tracks, especially high-speed trains, can derail trains and cause irreparable financial and human losses. Deep Cement Mixing (DCM) piles are among the efficient methods to control the train path’s settlement, especially paths on soft clay soils . Recently, T-shaped cement soil mixing (TDM) piles became more popular than a single DCM pile. In this study, total and differential settlements along the path of a high-speed train on a loose bed reinforced with DCM and TDM piles were studied using PLAXIS 3D software.  . Three different configuration patterns of the pile were investigated to determine the performance of DCM and TDM piles. Unlike the DCM piles, no differential settlements were captured in the TDM piles with a distance of 60, 120, and 180 cm between the piles.

Performance of T-Shaped and conventional Cement-Soil deep mixing piles to stabilize soft base of High-Speed trains