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In this study, bearing capacity of under-reamed piles in non-homogeneous clay is estimated numerically. A detailed parametric study is carried out for different length to shaft diameter ratio ( L u/ D ), bulb position ( h b/ D u), under-ream angle ( β ) and constant  m  indicating the increase of undrained cohesion, number of bulbs ( n b), bulb spacing ( s ) and pile–soil adhesion factor ( α s). The bearing capacity of the under-reamed pile is presented through design charts and expressed by a dimensionless factor  N cu . N cuincreases significantly with increases in  n b , L u/ D  and  m  and moderately with increases in  β  and  α s. For  m  &gt; 0,  N cudecreases moderately with the increase in  h b/ D u. For two bulbs,  m  &gt; 0, the optimum bulb spacing is found at 1.25–1.75 D u. For one bulb,  N cuincreases in the range of 67.52–162.84% than the pile without bulb. For two bulbs,  N cuincreases in the range of 129.41–250.40% than the pile without bulb.

Bearing capacity of under-reamed piles in clay using lower bound finite element limit analysis