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The yield of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum  L.) is low due to incorrect or use of no magnesium (Mg). An experiment was conducted from October to March 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 to determine the effective dose of Mg to improve yield and quality, and assess nutrient uptake and use efficiency of tomato. Treatments were magnesium at 0 (control), 4, 8, 12, or 16 kg·ha −1 . Application of 12 kg·ha −1  Mg produced the most fruit per plant (41.1), heaviest fruit (74.3 g), and greatest fruit yield (69.7 t∙ha −1 ). Vitamin C content in fruit was best (39.6 mg/100 g) with application of 12 kg·ha −1  Mg. The same treatment had the highest β-carotene (26.1 µg·g −1 ), improved fruit firmness (1.06 kilogram-force), and had better protein content (18.8%) in mature tomato fruit. Uptake of nutrients was best with 12 kg·ha −1  Mg. Recovery use efficiency of Mg was highest with 8 kg·ha −1  Mg. The best gross margin (48.6%) and benefit-cost ratio (3.11) was with 12 kg·ha −1  Mg. Application of 12 kg·ha −1  Mg appears to improve the quantity, quality, and economics of tomatoes. Regression analysis indicated application of Mg @ 11.3 kg·ha −1  could be optimum to improve the yield of tomatoes under controlled field conditions.

Magnesium influences growth, yield, nutrient uptake, and fruit quality of tomato