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Manual vegetable transplanting is a time-consuming, labor-intensive, operation. The objective of the study was to design, develop, and evaluate an automatic vegetable transplanter (AVT) for plug seedlings of chili ( Capsicum annuum  L.). Metering mechanisms in an AVT are affected by the transmission system and changes in desired plant spacing. To overcome problems, a novel rotating finger device with a push-type mechanism was developed for automatic transplanting of vegetable plug seedlings. The AVT consists of a pair of L-shaped rotating fingers, feed roller unit, metering mechanism, and delivery unit. Clearance between the feed roller and fingers is adjustable. The average values of performance parameters: plant spacing (Ps), planting depth (Pd), mis-planting (Mp), multiple planting (Mt), seedling mortality (Sm), transplanting efficiency (Et), and field transplanting efficiency (Ef) were 599.8 mm, 46.4 mm, 4.9%, 1.1%, 0.9%, 92.6%, and 76.12%, respectively. Effective field capacity (Fc) with the transplanter was 0.093 ha∙h −1  and 0.027 ha∙h −1  with the manual method. The two-row AVT can be used with a small tractor and may make up for labor shortage during peak season.

Design and development of an automatic vegetable transplanter using a novel rotating finger device with push-type mechanism for plug seedlings