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The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the combined effect of diesel, biodiesel, hydrogen, aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al 2 O 3 ) and Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system on diesel engine emissions and performance. Data analysis showed that with a 30% increase in biodiesel, the amounts of Hydrocarbons (HC) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) decreased by 11.7% and 14.9%, respectively. However, it reduced power and torque. Increasing the share of EGR in the intake air decreased the power and torque due to the decrease of oxygen, and by adding 30% of the exhaust gas to the intake air, it reduced the amount of HC by 3.2%. However, it caused an increase in CO. By increasing the concentration of Al 2 O 3  from 30 ppm to 60 ppm, the amount of HC decreased by 5.4%. Further increase to 90 ppm reduced CO by 5.8% but increased nitrogen oxides (NOx) by 8%. However, the torque increased by 4.89%. Increasing hydrogen by 10% of intake air volume increased power and torque by 16%, but also increased CO by 7.19%. However, further increase of hydrogen decreased power and torque. The optimal point obtained for Al 2 O 3 , hydrogen, biodiesel and EGR compounds was 61, 10, 20 and 15% ppm, respectively.

Investigating and optimizing the mixture of hydrogen-biodiesel and nano-additive on emissions of the engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation