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Efficient allocation of adaptation finance resources hinges on precise indices of human climate vulnerability measurement for targeting the most vulnerable and prioritized institutional development pathways. Climate vulnerability numerical index has the potential to identify vulnerable groups, regions and livelihood sectors in setting adaptation finance flow towards vulnerable households and key economic sectors. We analysed human vulnerability to climate hazards in Southern rainforest of Nigeria, a region that holds rural livelihoods with fragile ecology. Using cross-sectional household data, Human Climate Vulnerability Index was constructed for the five local government areas in this region. Results suggest that the most vulnerable area faces poor wealth and inadequate support institutions while the least vulnerable has an access to the best basic amenities. Socio-economic factors especially the large share of female-headed households, rising disadvantaged aging population and poor infrastructure are major contributors to vulnerability. The highest exposure index is associated with high temperatures and solar radiation. Highest sensitivity index is mostly determined by demographic inequalities and socio-economic, infrastructure, health and environmental indicators while Adaptive Capacity (AC) index is dependent on wealth and assets and social amenities. Adaptation finance should target socio-economic, demographic inequalities, communication services, support institutions and infrastructure to reduce sensitivity but target basic social amenities to strengthen AC.

Integrated assessment of human vulnerability to extreme climate hazards: emerging outcomes for adaptation finance allocation in Southwest Nigeria