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Animal models are vital for the development of radiation medical countermeasures for the prophylaxis or treatment of acute radiation syndrome and for the delayed effects of acute radiation exposure. Nonhuman primates (NHPs) play an important role in the regulatory approval of such agents by the United States Food and Drug Administration following the Animal Rule. Reliance on such animal models requires that such models are well characterized. Data gathered from both male and female animals under the same conditions and gathered concurrently are limited; therefore, the authors compared and contrasted here the radiosensitivity of both male and female NHPs provided different levels of clinical support over a range of acute, total-body gamma irradiation, as well as the influence of age and body weight. Under matched experimental conditions, the authors observed only marginal, but clearly evident differences between acutely irradiated male and female NHPs relative to the measured response endpoints (rates of survival, blood cell changes, and cytokine fluctuations). These differences appeared to be accentuated by the level of exposure as well as by the nature of clinical support. Additional studies with both sexes under various experimental conditions and different radiation qualities run concurrently are needed.

Radiosensitivity of rhesus nonhuman primates: consideration of sex, supportive care, body weight, and age at time of exposure