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Cargo oil should be kept at a particular temperature to prevent transport difficulties caused by the high viscosity and pour point during shipping. Optimisation of the heating/insulation scheme on cargo oil must be investigated by studying the heat transfer mechanism of cargo oil, associated with the voyage and hydrometeorological conditions. In this study, a theoretical model is developed to predict the heat transfer of cargo oil in an oil tanker. The heating/insulation data are also measured in two voyages and compared with the predicted results. The relative errors of the temperature between the voyage and predicted results range from 9∼15% and 4∼6% without and with consideration of the hydrometeorological conditions, respectively. The largest relative error of 15.1% is observed in the front cargo tank (1C) affected by the wave/wind conditions. A steam flow rate of 1000∼4000 kg/h is appropriated to optimise the heating/insulation scheme.

Theoretical and experimental analysis of the heating operation for cargo oil shipped on an actual voyage