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The International Maritime Organization proposes several strategies to eliminate the adverse effects of ship emissions. The most important is finding alternative fuels, such as hydrogen. The current paper aims to compare diesel and renewable hydrogen-powered ships using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Cost Assessment (LCCA). As a case study, three different ships sailing in the Red Sea area are investigated. The environmental outcomes are presented in terms of global warming potential (GWP), photochemical potential, eutrophication potential, particulate matter and acidification potential. Producing hydrogen fuel onboard ships will increase the total carbon footprint by 10%–28% higher than the currently used diesel fuels. Economically, the cost-effective target will be achieved at the cost of hydrogen production by electrolysis below 5.15$/kg.

Carbon footprint and cost analysis of renewable hydrogen-fuelled ships