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The paper presented probabilistic analyses of the bearing capacity of strip footings in spatially variable undrained soil with a linearly increasing mean shear strength profile. The probabilistic response of strip footings was approached by the random finite element method (RFEM) in conjunction with the Monte Carlo simulation. Probabilistic failure envelopes were constructed to analyze the effect of spatial variability on strip footings subjected to different combinations of horizontal ( H ) and moment ( M ) loading. The probability of failure was independent on the strength gradient in the  HM  plane, but tended to increase with a wide fluctuation. Tabulated values of factor of safety for the probability of failure at 1% in different undrained shear strength random fields were also provided, which could be applied toward a foundation safety assessment.

Probabilistic failure envelopes of shallow foundations on soils with strength anisotropy under combined loading